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CBSE Class X Science (086) — Sample Paper (Set – 1) 2026–27
| Student Name: ______________________ | Roll No.: __________ | Section: __________ |
General Instructions:
1. The question paper contains four Sections A, B, C and D.
2. All questions are compulsory. Internal choices are provided in some questions.
3. Use appropriate units. Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever required.
4. Strictly avoid: Periodic Classification; Evolution (except Heredity); Electric Motor/EMI/Generator.
SECTION A — Objective / VSA (20 Marks)
Q1–Q12 are MCQs. (12×1=12)
Q1. Which reaction is a displacement reaction?
Q2. A solution with pH = 3 is:
Q3. Which metal reacts vigorously with cold water?
Q4. Functional group in ethanol is:
Q5. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by:
Q6. A reflex action is controlled by:
Q7. In humans, male gamete is produced in:
Q8. A child having recessive trait must have genotype:
Q9. A ray entering from air to glass bends:
Q10. Unit of resistance is:
Q11. Heating effect of electric current is used in:
Q12. Magnetic field lines around a straight current-carrying conductor are:
Q13–Q16 are Assertion–Reason. (4×1=4)
Q13. Assertion (A): A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.
Reason (R): Reactivity depends on tendency to lose electrons.
(A) Both true, R correct explanation (B) Both true, R not explanation (C) A true R false (D) A false R true
Reason (R): Reactivity depends on tendency to lose electrons.
(A) Both true, R correct explanation (B) Both true, R not explanation (C) A true R false (D) A false R true
Q14. Assertion (A): pH of distilled water is 7 at 25°C.
Reason (R): Distilled water has only H⁺ ions and no OH⁻ ions.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Reason (R): Distilled water has only H⁺ ions and no OH⁻ ions.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Q15. Assertion (A): The pupil of the eye appears black.
Reason (R): Light entering the eye is absorbed inside and does not return.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Reason (R): Light entering the eye is absorbed inside and does not return.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Q16. Assertion (A): Resistance increases when length of a wire increases (same material & area).
Reason (R): R ∝ L.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Reason (R): R ∝ L.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Q17–Q20 are VSA (2×2=4)
Q17. Balance: H₂ + Cl₂ → ____ (2)
Q18. Name the pigment for photosynthesis. Write one function of stomata. (2)
Q19. State Ohm’s law and write its formula. (2)
Q20. Give one reason why food chains are limited to 3–4 trophic levels. (2)
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SECTION B — Short Answer (23 Marks)
Q21–Q27 are 3-mark questions (7×3=21) and Q28 is 2 marks.
Q21. (a) Define rancidity. (b) Write two methods to prevent rancidity. 3
Q22. Universal indicator shows: X pH≈2, Y pH≈7, Z pH≈10. (a) Identify acidic/neutral/basic. (b) Which reacts with Zn to produce H₂? Give reason. 3
OR Explain how antacids give relief. Name one antacid. 3
OR Explain how antacids give relief. Name one antacid. 3
Q23. (a) What is corrosion? (b) Why does iron rust faster in coastal areas? (c) One prevention method. 3
Q24. Draw structures of ethanol and ethanoic acid. Name functional group in each and one difference in chemical nature. 3
OR Explain cleansing action of soap using micelles (with diagram). 3
OR Explain cleansing action of soap using micelles (with diagram). 3
Q25. (a) Differentiate arteries and veins (any two points). (b) Name the valve between right atrium and right ventricle. 3
Q26. (a) What is reflex action? Give one example. (b) Why is it protective? 3
Q27. A bulb is rated 60 W, 220 V. (a) Current drawn (b) Resistance (c) Instrument to measure current. 3
Q28. Cross Tt × tt. Write possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. 2
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SECTION C — Long Answer (17 Marks)
Q29–Q31 are 5 marks each (15) and Q32 is 2 marks.
Q29.
(a) Define oxidation and reduction (in terms of oxygen/hydrogen).
(b) Identify oxidised and reduced substances in: CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
(c) Why is it a redox reaction? 5
OR
(a) Write two chemical properties of metals with balanced equations.
(b) Why is aluminium resistant to corrosion? 5
(b) Identify oxidised and reduced substances in: CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
(c) Why is it a redox reaction? 5
OR
(a) Write two chemical properties of metals with balanced equations.
(b) Why is aluminium resistant to corrosion? 5
Q30.
Explain human male reproductive system with a neat labelled diagram.
(a) Site of sperm formation (b) One role of seminal vesicles. 5
OR Explain fertilisation and implantation in humans in sequence. 5
(a) Site of sperm formation (b) One role of seminal vesicles. 5
OR Explain fertilisation and implantation in humans in sequence. 5
Q31.
(a) Draw ray diagrams for a concave lens for object at infinity and at finite distance.
(b) State two uses of concave lens. 5
OR Explain myopia and hypermetropia with corrective lenses. 5
(b) State two uses of concave lens. 5
OR Explain myopia and hypermetropia with corrective lenses. 5
Q32. State two harmful effects of excessive use of chemical pesticides. 2
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SECTION D — Case-based (20 Marks)
Q33–Q35 are case-based questions.
Q33. Case Study (Chemistry — Metals & Reactivity) 6
A student tests metals P, Q and R:
P reacts vigorously with cold water forming soluble hydroxide.
Q reacts slowly with water but faster with steam.
R does not react with water but reacts with dilute HCl to give hydrogen gas.
P reacts vigorously with cold water forming soluble hydroxide.
Q reacts slowly with water but faster with steam.
R does not react with water but reacts with dilute HCl to give hydrogen gas.
(a) Identify metal P (from Na, Fe, Cu, Ag). 1
(b) Most reactive among P, Q, R. 1
(c) Why does R produce H₂ with dilute acid? 1
(d) Write balanced equation: metal + dilute HCl → salt + H₂. 2
(e) Arrange Q and R in increasing reactivity. 1
Q34. Case Study (Biology — Life Processes) 7
Teacher discusses digestion: saliva acts in mouth, HCl in stomach, bile enters small intestine.
(a) Name enzyme in saliva for starch digestion. 1
(b) One role of HCl in stomach. 1
(c) Why is bile important for digestion of fats? 2
(d) Name organ that produces bile. 1
(e) Where does maximum absorption occur? Give one reason. 2
OR Explain role of villi in absorption. 2
OR Explain role of villi in absorption. 2
Q35. Case Study (Physics — Electricity & Magnetic Effect) 7
Student observes V ∝ I for a resistor. A compass near a current-carrying wire shows deflection.
(a) Name the law verified by V ∝ I. 1
(b) Write formula relating V, I and R. 1
(c) If V=6 V, I=0.5 A, calculate R. 2
(d) What does compass deflection indicate? 1
(e) One factor affecting magnetic field near conductor. 1
(f) Why avoid very high current in house wiring? 1
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Answer Key (Objective) — Sample Paper Set–1
Section A (MCQ + A/R)
Q1–Q12: 1(B), 2(C), 3(C), 4(C), 5(B), 6(C), 7(B), 8(C), 9(B), 10(C), 11(C), 12(B)
Assertion–Reason:
Q13: (A)
Q14: (C) (A true, R false)
Q15: (A)
Q16: (A)
Q13: (A)
Q14: (C) (A true, R false)
Q15: (A)
Q16: (A)
Marking Note
For MCQ/A-R: 1 mark for correct option only. No partial marking.
For numericals: Step-wise marking recommended (formula, substitution, final answer with unit).
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Part-wise Marking Scheme (Chemistry / Biology / Physics)
A) Subject Part-wise Weightage (Total = 80)
| Part | Included Units/Topics (as used in this paper) | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | Chemical Reactions, Acids/Bases (pH), Metals/Non-metals, Carbon compounds (functional groups), corrosion, rancidity, redox, reactivity series case | 25 |
| Biology | Life Processes (stomata, digestion), Control & Coordination (reflex), Reproduction, Heredity (cross), case-based digestion | 25 |
| Physics | Light (refraction), Electricity (Ohm’s law, power rating), Magnetic effect (compass deflection), safety | 25 |
| Environment / Natural Resources | Food chain limit, harmful effects of pesticides | 5 |
B) Section-wise + Part-wise Breakup (Quick Blueprint)
| Section | Total Marks | Chem | Bio | Phy | Env |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 20 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 |
| B | 23 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 0 |
| C | 17 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| D | 20 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| Total | 80 | 25 | 25 | 26* | 4* |
*Note: Physics+Environment boundary can vary depending on school blueprint; in this paper, Q20 (food chain) is Environment and Q32 (pesticides) is Environment. If you want strictly Physics=25 and Env=5 (exact), I can swap 1–2 items so totals become perfect in the table.
C) Detailed Marking Scheme Rules (Same Pattern)
| Question Type | How to Award Marks |
|---|---|
| MCQ / A-R (1 mark) | 1 mark only for correct option; 0 for wrong/blank; no partial. |
| 2 marks | 1 mark for key concept + 1 mark for correct statement/reason/diagram/term (as applicable). |
| 3 marks | Mark per correct point/step (generally 3×1). Diagrams: include labels for full credit. |
| 5 marks | Concept (1–2), explanation (2), diagram/steps/examples (1), conclusion/accuracy (1). |
| Numericals | Step-wise: formula (1), substitution (1), calculation (1), final answer with unit (1). |
| Case-based (6/7) | Each subpart carries fixed marks as printed; award independently for each subpart. |
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