Class 10 Science Half Yearly Paper 2026-27

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Class 10 Science · A4 Preview

HALF YEARLY EXAM (TERM-1) OCT. 2026

CLASS : 10THSUBJECT : SCIENCEROLL NO : ..................

Time : 3:00 Hrs.M.M. : 80

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. The question paper is divided into three sections in the following order: Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
2. All questions are compulsory. Internal choices are provided wherever applicable.
3. The marking distribution is as follows:

   Subject	Marks
   Biology	30 Marks
   Chemistry	25 Marks
   Physics	25 Marks
   Total	80 Marks

4. The question paper contains MCQs, Very Short Answer, Short Answer, Long Answer and Competency/Case-Based Questions.
5. Marks are indicated against each question.

Note: The question paper is arranged in the order — Biology, followed by Chemistry, followed by Physics.

PART 1 – BIOLOGY (30 Marks)

SECTION A – MCQs(1 Mark each)

1. What is the significance of variation in reproduction?(1)

A. Only for continuity of species.B. Variation is important for better survival of species over time.C. For preserving parental characters.D. All of the above

2. An organism that reproduces asexually will have offspring that have:(1)

A. the same genetic information as both of its parents.B. the same genes as its parent.C. different genes from its parent.D. different genetic information from either of its parents.

3. Double fertilization involves:(1)

A. Fertilization of the egg by two male gametesB. Fertilization of two eggs in the same embryo sac by two male gametes brought by one pollen tubeC. Fertilisation of the egg and the central cell by two male gametes brought by different pollen tubesD. Fertilization of the egg and the central cell by two male gametes brought by the same pollen tube

4. Which part of the flower forms the fruit?(1)

A. Whole flowerB. Only stamens and carpelC. Only ovaryD. Only carpel

5. Examine the given food chains to establish the correct one in an ecosystem.(1)

A. Seed → Mouse → Snake → DeerB. Algae → Small fish → Large fish → HawkC. Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → ElephantD. Plants → Rabbit → Deer → Wolf

6. Which of the following group is NOT 'biodegradable'?(1)

A. Vegetable peels, dead leaves, paperB. Cow dung, leather bag, waterC. Polythene bag, rubber band, ball penD. Paper, fruits, bones

7. The major ozone depleting substance out of the following is:(1)

A. CFCsB. nitrogenC. O₂D. all of these

8. In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at the fourth trophic level is 5 KJ, what will be the energy available at the producer level? (Grass → grasshopper → frog → snake → Hawk.)(1)

A. 5 KJB. 50 KJC. 500 KJD. 5000 KJ

Assertion – Reason
Directions: In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).C. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.D. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

9. Assertion (A): Flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional.
Reason (R): Energy captured by autotrophs does not revert back to the solar input and it passes to the herbivores.(1)

SECTION B – Very Short Answer Questions(2 Marks each)

1. If there are no decomposers in an ecosystem, what will happen to the garbage and dead animal and plant waste?(2)

2. Differentiate between:(2)

a. Asexual and sexual reproduction
b. Plumule and radicle

3. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional. Justify the statement.(2)

SECTION C – Short Answer Questions(3 Marks each)

1. Define biological magnification. Why are plastics non-biodegradable substances?(3)

2. Observe the food chain: Plant (1000 KJ) → Goat → Lion(3)

a) If all organisms occupying the first trophic level are called producers, what are herbivores called?
b) How much energy does the lion get in the above food chain?

SECTION D – Long Answer Question(5 Marks)

1. Describe in brief the functions of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Also draw a well-labelled diagram of the human excretory system.(5)

SECTION E – Competency / Case-Based Question(4 Marks)

1. Double circulation is a type of circulatory system in which the blood passes through the heart twice before completing a full circuit of the body. Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and returns to the heart before being distributed to other organs and tissues of the body.(4)

A. Mention the name of the valve present between the left atrium and left ventricle.
B. Mention functions of blood.
C. Explain the working of the heart with the help of a flowchart.

PART 2 – CHEMISTRY (25 Marks)

MCQs(1 Mark each)

1. The electrolytic decomposition of water gives H₂ and O₂ in the ratio of:(1)

(a) 1 : 2 by volume(b) 2 : 1 by volume(c) 8 : 1 by mass(d) 1 : 2 by mass

2. Fatty foods become rancid due to the process of:(1)

(a) oxidation(b) corrosion(c) reduction(d) hydrogenation

3. Which of the following is a displacement reaction?(1)

A. CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂B. Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + CuC. 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂OD. CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

4. The reaction in which two compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds is called:(1)

(a) Displacement reaction(b) Combination reaction(c) Double displacement reaction(d) Redox reaction

5. Na₂CO₃·10H₂O is known as:(1)

(A) Baking soda(B) Baking powder(C) Washing soda(D) Bleaching powder

6. Acetic acid is present in:(1)

(A) Orange(B) Tea(C) Curd(D) Vinegar

7. The image shows the pH values of four solutions on a pH scale. Which solutions are alkaline in nature?(1)

[ pH scale image ]

(A) A and B(B) B and C(C) C and D(D) A and D

8. At what temperature is gypsum heated to form Plaster of Paris?(1)

(A) 35°C(B) 70°C(C) 80°C(D) 100°C

9. Why is it always advised to add acid to water and not water to acid during dilution?(2)

10. On the basis of the given diagram, give the following answer:(3)

[ Diagram ]

1. Which gas is produced in the experiment?
2. Which solution is used to test carbon dioxide gas?
3. What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water?

11. A white powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones in the right position.(3)

1. What is the common name of the powder?
2. Write the chemical formula of this compound.
3. Write the chemical equation for its preparation.

OR

On the basis of the given diagram, give the following answer:

[ Diagram ]

(a) Name the gases collected at the anode and cathode. [1]
(b) Which gas is collected in greater volume? [1]
(c) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. [1]

12. Riya was doing an experiment in the science laboratory. She took dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a test tube and added a few pieces of zinc to it. Bubbles of gas were produced. When the gas was passed through soap solution, it produced bubbles. The gas was identified as hydrogen.(4)

Questions:
1. Name the gas released when zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
2. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
3. What type of reaction is this?
4. What happens when the same acid reacts with sodium carbonate? Name the gas evolved.

13. What is the Chlor-Alkali process? Write its balanced chemical equation. Name the three products formed, mention their respective electrodes/locations, and write one use for each product. Also draw a neat and clean diagram.(5)

OR

Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4, 1, 11, 7 and 9 respectively. Which solution is:

(i) Neutral?
(ii) Strongly alkaline?
(iii) Strongly acidic?
(iv) Weakly acidic?
(v) Weakly alkaline?

Arrange the pH values in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration. Also draw the pH scale.

PART 3 – PHYSICS (25 Marks)

SECTION A – MCQs

1. The radius of curvature of a concave mirror is 30 cm. Its focal length will be:(1)

a) 10 cmb) 15 cmc) 20 cmd) 25 cm

2. Which part of the human eye provides the power of accommodation?(1)

a) Corneab) Irisc) Ciliary musclesd) Pupil

3. Assertion (A): The power of a convex lens is positive.
Reason (R): A convex lens has a positive focal length.(1)

SECTION B – Very Short Answer

4. Define the centre of curvature of a spherical mirror.(2)

5. Why do stars twinkle at night but planets do not?(2)

SECTION C – Short Answer Questions

6. An object is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find the position and nature of the image.(3)

OR

Write uses of concave and convex mirror.

7. State the function of the following parts of the human eye:(3)

(i) Cornea
(ii) Pupil
(iii) Optic Nerve

8. Explain why the sky appears dark instead of blue for an astronaut in outer space.(3)

SECTION D – Long Answer Question

9.(5)

(a) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a concave mirror when the object is placed beyond the centre of curvature (C).
(b) State any two characteristics of the image formed.
(c) Write the mirror formula and explain the meaning of each symbol.

OR

a) What is myopia? How can it be corrected?
b) Explain the formation of a rainbow with a proper ray diagram.

SECTION E – Competency / Case-Based Question

10. A student passes a narrow beam of white light through a glass prism and observes that the emergent beam splits into a band of seven colours.(4)

(a) Name this phenomenon.
(b) Which colour deviates the least and which deviates the most?
(c) What is the cause of dispersion of light?
(d) Write one natural example of dispersion.

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