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CBSE Sample Practice Paper — 4 (Session 2026–27)
| Student Name: ______________________ | Roll No.: __________ | Section: __________ |
General Instructions:
1. This question paper is divided into three parts — Part A (Chemistry, 25 Marks), Part B (Biology, 30 Marks) and Part C (Physics, 25 Marks).
2. Each part is further divided into four sections: Section 1 — Very Short Answer (including objective-type and Assertion–Reason questions), Section 2 — Short Answer, Section 3 — Long Answer, and Section 4 — Case/Source-based integrated question.
3. Internal choices have been provided in approximately one-third of the questions across the paper. Attempt only one option where a choice is given.
4. Draw neat, labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
5. Write balanced chemical equations wherever applicable.
6. Marks for each question are indicated against it.
PART A — CHEMISTRY (25 Marks)
Section 1 — Very Short Answer (1 Mark each) — Q1 to Q8
Q1. What is the common name of the compound CaOCl₂? 1
Q2. Name the gas that turns lime water milky. 1
Q3. Define "corrosion". 1
Q4. Write the chemical equation for the reaction between iron and dilute hydrochloric acid. 1
Q5. Name the process used to convert vegetable oils into vegetable ghee. 1
Q6. Identify the type of reaction: AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃. 1
Q7. Assertion (A): A pure sample of water does not conduct electricity.
Reason (R): Pure water does not contain free ions to carry an electric current. 1
Reason (R): Pure water does not contain free ions to carry an electric current. 1
Q8. Assertion (A): Metals like sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene oil.
Reason (R): These metals react vigorously with the oxygen and moisture present in air. 1
Reason (R): These metals react vigorously with the oxygen and moisture present in air. 1
Section 2 — Short Answer (2 Marks each) — Q9 to Q12
Q9. What is a "redox reaction"? Identify the substance oxidised and the substance reduced in: ZnO + C → Zn + CO. 2
Q10. Write the chemical name and one use of "Plaster of Paris". 2
Q11. State two ways in which soap is different from a detergent. 2
— OR —
Why do carbon and its compounds mainly show covalent bonding, and what property results from this regarding their melting and boiling points? 2
Q12. What are isomers? Give an example of two isomers of butane, C₄H₁₀. 2
Section 3 — Long Answer (5 Marks) — Q13
Q13. (a) Explain the process of electrolytic refining of copper, with the help of a labelled diagram. (3)
(b) Why is copper used for making electrical wires? (2) 5
(b) Why is copper used for making electrical wires? (2) 5
— OR —
(a) What happens when zinc is added to a solution of copper sulphate? Write the balanced chemical equation, and state the type of reaction. (3)
(b) Define "corrosion", and state one method to prevent it. (2)
(b) Define "corrosion", and state one method to prevent it. (2)
Section 4 — Case-based Question (4 Marks) — Q14
Q14. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.4
pH plays a crucial role in various everyday and biological processes. Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid, which helps in digestion, but if acid production becomes excessive, it causes indigestion and pain. Antacids, which are mild bases, are used to neutralise this excess acid. Similarly, plants and animals are sensitive to pH changes in their surroundings — most fish, for example, can only survive within a narrow pH range in water. Soil pH also affects plant growth significantly; farmers often use substances like lime to correct excessively acidic soil.
14.1 Name a substance that could be used as an antacid, and explain why it works. (2)
14.2 Why do farmers add lime to acidic soil? (1)
14.3 What might happen to fish in a water body if the pH of the water changes drastically? (1)
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PART B — BIOLOGY (30 Marks)
Section 1 — Very Short Answer (1 Mark each) — Q15 to Q22
Q15. Name the process by which green plants prepare their own food. 1
Q16. Define the term "synapse". 1
Q17. Name the hormone responsible for the "fight or flight" response in humans. 1
Q18. What is vegetative propagation? Give one example. 1
Q19. In a cross between a pea plant with round, yellow seeds (RRYY) and one with wrinkled, green seeds (rryy), what will be the phenotype of the F1 generation? 1
Q20. Name any one method used to conserve forests and wildlife. 1
Q21. Assertion (A): Auxin causes the bending of a plant shoot towards light.
Reason (R): Auxin accumulates more on the shaded side of the shoot, causing the cells there to elongate faster. 1
Reason (R): Auxin accumulates more on the shaded side of the shoot, causing the cells there to elongate faster. 1
Q22. Assertion (A): Identical twins are always of the same sex.
Reason (R): Identical twins develop from the splitting of a single fertilised egg, so they have identical genetic material, including the sex chromosomes. 1
Reason (R): Identical twins develop from the splitting of a single fertilised egg, so they have identical genetic material, including the sex chromosomes. 1
Section 2 — Short Answer (2 Marks each) — Q23 to Q26
Q23. Explain the role of insulin in maintaining normal blood glucose levels. 2
Q24. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary actions, giving one example of each. 2
— OR —
Why is the mode of nutrition in Amoeba described as "holozoic"? 2
Q25. State the function of the uterus in the human female reproductive system. 2
Q26. What is meant by "menstruation"? Why does it occur? 2
Section 3 — Long Answer (5 Marks each) — Q27 to Q28
Q27. (a) With a labelled diagram, describe the human digestive system, from mouth to anus. (3)
(b) What is the role of bile in digestion? (2) 5
(b) What is the role of bile in digestion? (2) 5
— OR —
(a) Explain the mechanism of breathing in humans, describing inhalation and exhalation. (3)
(b) Why do our lungs have a large internal surface area (due to alveoli)? (2)
(b) Why do our lungs have a large internal surface area (due to alveoli)? (2)
Q28. (a) Describe the structure and function of a neuron, with the help of a labelled diagram. (3)
(b) How does a nerve impulse travel from a receptor to an effector? (2) 5
(b) How does a nerve impulse travel from a receptor to an effector? (2) 5
— OR —
(a) Describe any two methods of vegetative propagation used by farmers and gardeners. (3)
(b) State one advantage of vegetative propagation over sexual reproduction in plants. (2)
(b) State one advantage of vegetative propagation over sexual reproduction in plants. (2)
Section 4 — Case-based Question (4 Marks) — Q29
Q29. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.4
Forests are among the most valuable natural resources, providing timber, medicinal plants, and habitat for countless species, while also regulating climate and maintaining the water cycle. Large-scale deforestation, driven by agricultural expansion, urbanisation and logging, has led to loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystems in many regions. Sustainable forest management practices, such as controlled logging, afforestation and community-based conservation programmes, are being adopted in various parts of the world to balance human needs with the preservation of forest ecosystems.
29.1 State one important function of forests mentioned in the passage. (1)
29.2 What is the main cause of deforestation, according to the passage? (1)
29.3 Suggest two practices that can help in the sustainable management of forests. (2)
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PART C — PHYSICS (25 Marks)
Section 1 — Very Short Answer (1 Mark each) — Q30 to Q37
Q30. Define the "refractive index" of a medium. 1
Q31. Name the type of lens used to correct hypermetropia. 1
Q32. What is the near point of a normal human eye? 1
Q33. State the SI unit of electric charge. 1
Q34. Two resistors of 4 Ω and 4 Ω are connected in parallel. Calculate their equivalent resistance. 1
Q35. Name the phenomenon by which a magnetic compass needle gets deflected when placed near a current-carrying wire. 1
Q36. Assertion (A): A ray of light passing through the optical centre of a lens goes undeviated.
Reason (R): The optical centre is the central point of a lens where the two surfaces are effectively parallel to each other. 1
Reason (R): The optical centre is the central point of a lens where the two surfaces are effectively parallel to each other. 1
Q37. Assertion (A): The resistance of a conductor decreases if its area of cross-section is increased, keeping other factors constant.
Reason (R): Resistance is directly proportional to the area of cross-section of the conductor. 1
Reason (R): Resistance is directly proportional to the area of cross-section of the conductor. 1
Section 2 — Short Answer (2 Marks each) — Q38 to Q41
Q38. Distinguish between real and virtual images, giving one example of each type formed by a spherical mirror. 2
Q39. Explain why a concave mirror is preferred for use as a shaving mirror. 2
— OR —
State the reason for the twinkling of stars, based on atmospheric refraction. 2
Q40. Calculate the amount of charge that flows through a circuit in 5 minutes if the current is 2 A. 2
Q41. What are magnetic field lines? State any two of their properties. 2
Section 3 — Long Answer (5 Marks) — Q42
Q42. (a) With a ray diagram, show the image formation by a convex lens when the object is placed at 2F₁. State the nature, size and position of the image. (3)
(b) An object 4 cm high is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. Find the position and size of the image formed. (2) 5
(b) An object 4 cm high is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. Find the position and size of the image formed. (2) 5
— OR —
(a) State Joule's law of heating, and write its mathematical expression. (2)
(b) Two resistors of 5 Ω and 10 Ω are connected in series to a 6 V battery. Calculate the current in the circuit, and the heat produced in the 5 Ω resistor in 1 minute. (3)
(b) Two resistors of 5 Ω and 10 Ω are connected in series to a 6 V battery. Calculate the current in the circuit, and the heat produced in the 5 Ω resistor in 1 minute. (3)
Section 4 — Case-based Question (4 Marks) — Q43
Q43. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.4
When a current flows through a solenoid — a coil of many circular turns of insulated wire — a magnetic field is produced that resembles the field of a bar magnet, with distinct north and south poles at its two ends. The strength of the magnetic field inside a solenoid can be increased by increasing the number of turns, increasing the current, or by placing a soft iron core inside it — a combination known as an electromagnet. Electromagnets are widely used in devices requiring strong, controllable magnetic fields, such as electric bells and cranes used to lift heavy iron and steel objects in scrapyards.
43.1 What is a solenoid? (1)
43.2 Name two ways of increasing the strength of the magnetic field produced by a solenoid, according to the passage. (1)
43.3 How is an electromagnet different from a plain solenoid, and why is it useful in a device like a crane used to lift scrap iron? (2)
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Design of Question Paper — Blueprint & Competency Analysis
1. Part-wise & Section-wise Blueprint
| Part | Section 1 (VSA + AR) | Section 2 (SA) | Section 3 (LA) | Section 4 (Case-based) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A — Chemistry | 8 × 1 = 8 | 4 × 2 = 8 | 1 × 5 = 5 | 1 × 4 = 4 | 25 |
| B — Biology | 8 × 1 = 8 | 4 × 2 = 8 | 2 × 5 = 10 | 1 × 4 = 4 | 30 |
| C — Physics | 8 × 1 = 8 | 4 × 2 = 8 | 1 × 5 = 5 | 1 × 4 = 4 | 25 |
| Total | 24 | 24 | 20 | 12 | 80 |
2. Unit-wise Weightage (as per given specification)
| Unit | Topic Focus | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I — Chemical Substances | Chemical reactions/equations, acids/bases/salts, metals & non-metals, carbon compounds | 25 |
| Unit II — World of Living | Life processes, control & coordination, reproduction, heredity | 25 |
| Unit V — Natural Resources | Ecosystems, energy flow, waste management | 5 |
| Unit III — Natural Phenomena | Reflection/refraction, human eye and its defects | 12 |
| Unit IV — Effects of Current | Ohm's law, resistance, magnetic effects (excluding motor/generator/EMI) | 13 |
| Total | 80 |
3. Competency-Level Distribution
| Competency Level | Approx. Marks | Approx. % |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge & Understanding (state, define, list, describe, identify) | 40 | 50% |
| Application (calculate, illustrate, show, explain, distinguish) | 24 | 30% |
| Analyse, Evaluate & Create (interpret, analyse, compare, contrast, examine) | 16 | 20% |
| Total | 80 | 100% |
4. Internal Choice Summary
Part A: Internal choice provided in Q12 (SA) and Q13 (LA) — 2 of 6 non-VSA questions (~33%).
Part B: Internal choice provided in Q24 (SA), Q27 (LA) and Q28 (LA) — 3 of 7 non-VSA questions (~43%, within the "approximately one-third" range for the paper overall).
Part C: Internal choice provided in Q39 (SA) and Q42 (LA) — 2 of 6 non-VSA questions (~33%).
5. Exclusions Confirmed
✔ No questions from Periodic Classification of Elements.
✔ No questions from Evolution (speciation, fossils) — only Heredity concepts included.
✔ No questions on Electric Motor, Electromagnetic Induction, or Electric Generator.
✔ No content drawn from "Do You Know" / informational boxes in NCERT textbooks.
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Answer Key & Marking Scheme (Key Points)
PART A — CHEMISTRY
Q1. Bleaching powder.
Q2. Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Q3. The gradual deterioration of a metal due to reaction with substances in its environment (such as moisture, acids, gases) is called corrosion.
Q4. Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂.
Q5. Hydrogenation.
Q6. Double displacement (precipitation) reaction.
Q7. (A) Q8. (A)
Q9. A reaction involving simultaneous oxidation and reduction is a redox reaction; ZnO is reduced to Zn (loses oxygen), and C is oxidised to CO (gains oxygen).
Q10. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO₄·½H₂O; used for making casts for supporting fractured bones.
Q11. Soaps are salts of natural fatty acids and become less effective in hard water; detergents are salts of long-chain sulphonic/ammonium acids and work well even in hard water. OR: Carbon has 4 valence electrons and shares them to form covalent bonds since it cannot easily gain/lose 4 electrons; covalent compounds have low melting/boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces.
Q12. Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures; n-butane (straight chain) and isobutane/2-methylpropane (branched chain) are isomers of C₄H₁₀.
Q13. (a) Impure copper as anode, pure copper as cathode, copper sulphate solution as electrolyte; on passing current, pure copper deposits at the cathode. (b) Copper is a good conductor of electricity and is ductile, making it suitable for wires. OR: Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu, a displacement reaction (Zn turns blue solution colourless, reddish-brown Cu deposits). Corrosion — prevention via painting/galvanisation.
Q14. (i) Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) — being a mild base, it neutralises the excess stomach acid. (ii) Lime is basic and neutralises excess acidity in the soil, making it suitable for plant growth. (iii) Fish may not survive / may die, as most aquatic organisms can only tolerate a narrow pH range.
PART B — BIOLOGY
Q15. Photosynthesis.
Q16. The junction between two neurons, across which a nerve impulse passes (usually via chemical messengers), is called a synapse.
Q17. Adrenaline.
Q18. Reproduction from vegetative plant parts (root, stem, leaf) without seeds; e.g., potato tuber, sugarcane cutting.
Q19. Round, yellow (since round and yellow are dominant traits).
Q20. Establishing protected areas / national parks and wildlife sanctuaries (any correct method).
Q21. (A) Q22. (A)
Q23. Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting its uptake and storage (as glycogen) in cells, especially liver and muscle cells; its deficiency leads to diabetes.
Q24. Voluntary actions are controlled consciously by the forebrain (e.g., walking); involuntary actions occur automatically, controlled by the midbrain/hindbrain (e.g., heartbeat). OR: Amoeba engulfs solid food particles using pseudopodia, digesting them internally — this complete process of ingestion and digestion of solid food is called holozoic nutrition.
Q25. The uterus provides a site for implantation of the fertilised egg and nourishes the developing embryo/foetus during pregnancy.
Q26. Menstruation is the periodic shedding of the thickened uterine lining (along with blood) when fertilisation does not occur, roughly every 28 days.
Q27. Diagram showing mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus; bile emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller globules to aid digestion by lipase enzymes. OR: Diaphragm and rib muscles diagram; larger surface area of alveoli allows greater and more efficient gas exchange.
Q28. Neuron diagram with dendrites, cell body, axon; impulse travels: receptor → sensory neuron → CNS → motor neuron → effector. OR: Cutting/grafting and layering (or tissue culture) described; advantage — offspring are genetically identical to the parent, retaining desirable traits, and maturity is reached faster.
Q29. (i) Forests regulate climate and maintain the water cycle (or provide habitat/timber). (ii) Agricultural expansion, urbanisation and logging. (iii) Afforestation and community-based conservation programmes (or controlled logging).
PART C — PHYSICS
Q30. The ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the given medium is called the refractive index of that medium.
Q31. Convex lens.
Q32. 25 cm.
Q33. Coulomb (C).
Q34. Equivalent resistance = (4×4)/(4+4) = 2 Ω.
Q35. This is Oersted's discovery — it shows that a current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field around it.
Q36. (A)
Q37. (C) — Assertion is true, but Reason is false (resistance is actually inversely proportional to the area of cross-section).
Q38. A real image can be obtained on a screen (e.g., image formed by a concave mirror when object is beyond focus); a virtual image cannot be obtained on a screen (e.g., image formed by a plane mirror).
Q39. A concave mirror forms an enlarged, virtual, erect image when the face is placed close to it (within its focal length), making it useful for shaving/applying make-up. OR: Light from stars undergoes atmospheric refraction repeatedly through layers of air with varying density, causing the apparent position and brightness of the star to fluctuate, producing a twinkling effect.
Q40. Q = I × t = 2 × 300 = 600 C.
Q41. Magnetic field lines are imaginary lines used to represent a magnetic field; properties — they emerge from the north pole and merge at the south pole outside the magnet; they never intersect each other.
Q42. (a) Image formed at 2F₂, real, inverted, and of the same size as the object. (b) Using lens formula 1/f=1/v−1/u with f=10 cm, u=−20 cm: v=20 cm; magnification m=v/u=−1, so image height = −4 cm (same size, inverted, real). OR: H=I²Rt; I=V/(R₁+R₂)=6/15=0.4A; Heat in 5Ω in 60s = (0.4)²×5×60=48 J.
Q43. (i) A solenoid is a coil of many turns of insulated copper wire wound in the shape of a cylinder. (ii) Increasing the number of turns, and increasing the current through the coil. (iii) An electromagnet includes a soft iron core inside the solenoid, which greatly strengthens the magnetic field; this strong, switchable magnetic field allows a crane to pick up and release large loads of scrap iron on demand.
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