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Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each. (a) Oxidation (b) Reduction

Oxidation and Reduction | Class 10 CBSE Science
⚗️ Oxidation and Reduction
Gain or Loss of Oxygen | Class 10 CBSE Science
ऑक्सीकरण एवं अपचयन
1️⃣ CBSE Board Question
Question:

Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.

(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
2️⃣ Concept — आसान भाषा में समझें
English:

Oxidation and reduction can be explained in terms of the gain or loss of oxygen.

Oxidation: A substance undergoes oxidation when it gains oxygen.

Reduction: A substance undergoes reduction when it loses oxygen.
Hindi:

ऑक्सीकरण और अपचयन को ऑक्सीजन के लाभ या हानि के आधार पर समझा जा सकता है।

ऑक्सीकरण: जब किसी पदार्थ में ऑक्सीजन का योग होता है, तो वह ऑक्सीकरण कहलाता है।

अपचयन: जब किसी पदार्थ से ऑक्सीजन निकलती है, तो वह अपचयन कहलाता है।
⭐ याद रखने की Trick:

Oxidation → Gain of Oxygen
ऑक्सीकरण → ऑक्सीजन का लाभ

Reduction → Loss of Oxygen
अपचयन → ऑक्सीजन की हानि
3️⃣ Attractive Animation — Gain / Loss of Oxygen
Oxygen Transfer — ऑक्सीजन का स्थानांतरण
O₂
Substance
Gain of Oxygen = Oxidation | Loss of Oxygen = Reduction
4️⃣ (a) Oxidation — ऑक्सीकरण
Definition:

Oxidation is the process in which a substance gains oxygen.

परिभाषा:

किसी पदार्थ द्वारा ऑक्सीजन प्राप्त करने की प्रक्रिया को ऑक्सीकरण कहते हैं।
Example 1: Copper is heated in oxygen.
2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO
Step-by-step:

1. Copper is the reactant.
2. Oxygen is added to copper.
3. Copper changes into copper oxide.
4. Therefore, copper undergoes oxidation.
Hindi: ताँबे में ऑक्सीजन जुड़कर Copper(II) oxide बनता है। इसलिए Cu का ऑक्सीकरण होता है।
Example 2: Magnesium burns in oxygen.
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Step-by-step:

1. Magnesium reacts with oxygen.
2. Oxygen is added to magnesium.
3. Magnesium oxide is formed.
4. Therefore, magnesium is oxidised.
Hindi: मैग्नीशियम ऑक्सीजन ग्रहण करके Magnesium oxide बनाता है। इसलिए Mg का ऑक्सीकरण होता है।
5️⃣ (b) Reduction — अपचयन
Definition:

Reduction is the process in which a substance loses oxygen.

परिभाषा:

किसी पदार्थ से ऑक्सीजन के हटने की प्रक्रिया को अपचयन कहते हैं।
Example 1: Copper oxide reacts with hydrogen.
CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
Step-by-step:

1. Copper oxide contains oxygen.
2. Hydrogen reacts with CuO.
3. Oxygen is removed from CuO.
4. Copper is formed.
5. Therefore, CuO undergoes reduction.
Hindi: CuO से ऑक्सीजन हटकर Cu बनता है। इसलिए CuO का अपचयन होता है।
Example 2: Lead oxide reacts with carbon.
2PbO + C → 2Pb + CO₂
Step-by-step:

1. PbO contains oxygen.
2. Carbon reacts with PbO.
3. Oxygen is removed from PbO.
4. Lead is formed.
5. Therefore, PbO undergoes reduction.
Hindi: Lead oxide से ऑक्सीजन हटकर Lead बनता है। इसलिए PbO का अपचयन होता है।
6️⃣ Full CBSE Board Solution — Step-by-Step
Question:

Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.

(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
(a) Oxidation — ऑक्सीकरण

Oxidation is the process in which a substance gains oxygen.

Example 1:
2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO
Here, Cu gains oxygen and forms CuO. Hence, Cu is oxidised.

Example 2:
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Here, Mg gains oxygen and forms MgO. Hence, Mg is oxidised.
(b) Reduction — अपचयन

Reduction is the process in which a substance loses oxygen.

Example 1:
CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
Here, CuO loses oxygen and changes into Cu. Hence, CuO is reduced.

Example 2:
2PbO + C → 2Pb + CO₂
Here, PbO loses oxygen and changes into Pb. Hence, PbO is reduced.
7️⃣ Oxidation vs Reduction
Oxidation:
Gain of oxygen.
ऑक्सीजन का लाभ।

Example: 2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO
Reduction:
Loss of oxygen.
ऑक्सीजन की हानि।

Example: CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
Board Exam Trick:

Gain of Oxygen = Oxidation
Loss of Oxygen = Reduction
8️⃣ Competitive / CBSE MCQ Practice — 30 Questions
9️⃣ Assertion–Reason — 30 Questions
🔟 2 Marks — CBSE Practice — 10 Questions
1️⃣1️⃣ 3 Marks — CBSE Practice — 10 Questions
1️⃣2️⃣ 4 Marks — CBSE Practice — 10 Questions
1️⃣3️⃣ 5 Marks — CBSE Practice — 10 Questions
1️⃣4️⃣ 6 Marks — CBSE Practice — 10 Questions
🏆 Final Revision
OXIDATION:

Gain of Oxygen → ऑक्सीजन का लाभ

2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO

2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
REDUCTION:

Loss of Oxygen → ऑक्सीजन की हानि

CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O

2PbO + C → 2Pb + CO₂
सबसे महत्वपूर्ण लाइन:

👉 Oxygen का Gain = Oxidation
👉 Oxygen का Loss = Reduction

यही लाइन इस प्रश्न का मुख्य आधार है।