10TH CBSE Sample Model Question Paper 2025-26(Information Technology)

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 1
ANNUAL EXAMINATION 2025-26

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which of the following is a feature of a NoSQL database?
   A. Uses fixed schema
   B. Supports SQL queries only
   C. Handles unstructured data
   D. Requires relational tables

2. In Python, which module is used for interacting with a relational database?
   A. pandas
   B. sqlite3
   C. numpy
   D. matplotlib

3. The primary function of a DNS server is to:
   A. Encrypt network traffic
   B. Translate domain names to IP addresses
   C. Store email data
   D. Route network packets

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a public cloud?
   A. Dedicated hardware for a single user
   B. Shared resources among multiple users
   C. On-premise infrastructure
   D. No internet connectivity

5. In object-oriented programming, the concept of hiding internal details is called:
   A. Inheritance
   B. Polymorphism
   C. Encapsulation
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol ensures secure data transfer over the internet?
   A. HTTP
   B. FTP
   C. HTTPS
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of a binary search algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a distributed version control system?
   A. SVN
   B. Git
   C. Mercurial
   D. Both B and C

9. In a relational database, a foreign key is used to:
   A. Uniquely identify a record
   B. Establish a relationship between tables
   C. Store duplicate data
   D. Index a table

10. Which of the following is a common attack vector in cybersecurity?
    A. SQL injection
    B. Data encryption
    C. Two-factor authentication
    D. Firewall configuration

11. The full form of VLAN is:
    A. Virtual Local Area Network
    B. Variable Local Area Network
    C. Virtual Link Access Network
    D. Verified Local Access Network

12. Which of the following is an example of a machine learning algorithm?
    A. Bubble sort
    B. Decision tree
    C. Linear search
    D. Dijkstra’s algorithm

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to find the highest value in a range is:
    A. SUM
    B. MAX
    C. AVERAGE
    D. COUNT

14. Which of the following is a blockchain feature?
    A. Centralized control
    B. Immutable ledger
    C. Temporary storage
    D. Single-point failure

15. The full form of CSS in web development is:
    A. Computer Style Sheet
    B. Cascading Style Sheet
    C. Creative Style Sheet
    D. Centralized Style Sheet

16. In Python, which keyword is used to handle exceptions?
    A. try
    B. catch
    C. throw
    D. error

17. The device that converts digital signals to analog and vice versa is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Modem
    D. Hub

18. Which of the following is a benefit of virtualization?
    A. Increased hardware costs
    B. Improved resource utilization
    C. Reduced scalability
    D. Higher energy consumption

19. The process of verifying the identity of a user is called:
    A. Authorization
    B. Authentication
    C. Encryption
    D. Compression

20. Which of the following is an open-source database management system?
    A. Oracle
    B. MySQL
    C. Microsoft SQL Server
    D. IBM DB2

21. In networking, the term DHCP stands for:
    A. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
    B. Direct Host Control Protocol
    C. Dynamic Hyperlink Configuration Protocol
    D. Distributed Host Control Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of ransomware?
    A. Firewall
    B. WannaCry
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to paste text in a document is:
    A. Ctrl + C
    B. Ctrl + V
    C. Ctrl + X
    D. Ctrl + Z

24. Which of the following is used to create dynamic web pages?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. JavaScript
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a NoSQL database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a static and dynamic IP address?

27. Explain the term "hashing" in the context of data security.

28. What is the purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?

29. Define machine learning and name one application.

30. What is the role of a router in a network?

31. Explain the term "API" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of encryption in securing data transmission over the internet.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to connect to a MySQL database.

34. Explain the difference between client-server and peer-to-peer network architectures.

35. Discuss the importance of version control systems and suggest two tools used for it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 2 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model organizes data in a hierarchical structure?
   A. Relational
   B. NoSQL
   C. Hierarchical
   D. Network

2. In Python, which library is used for data visualization?
   A. pandas
   B. numpy
   C. matplotlib
   D. requests

3. The primary function of a load balancer in networking is to:
   A. Encrypt data
   B. Distribute network traffic
   C. Store data packets
   D. Authenticate users

4. Which of the following is a key characteristic of a hybrid cloud?
   A. Fully on-premise infrastructure
   B. Combination of public and private clouds
   C. No internet access
   D. Single-user access

5. In object-oriented programming, reusing code from one class in another is called:
   A. Encapsulation
   B. Inheritance
   C. Polymorphism
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure file transfer?
   A. FTP
   B. SFTP
   C. HTTP
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of a merge sort algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(n log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a decentralized network technology?
   A. SQL Server
   B. Blockchain
   C. MySQL
   D. MongoDB

9. In a relational database, a candidate key is:
   A. A field with duplicate values
   B. A field that can uniquely identify a record
   C. A field that links two tables
   D. A field with null values

10. Which of the following is a common cybersecurity vulnerability?
    A. Cross-site scripting (XSS)
    B. Data backup
    C. Encryption
    D. Firewall

11. The full form of MAN is:
    A. Main Area Network
    B. Metropolitan Area Network
    C. Medium Access Network
    D. Mobile Area Network

12. Which of the following is an unsupervised learning algorithm?
    A. Linear regression
    B. K-means clustering
    C. Logistic regression
    D. Decision tree

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to find the average of a range of cells is:
    A. SUM
    B. AVERAGE
    C. COUNT
    D. MIN

14. Which of the following is a key feature of IoT systems?
    A. Manual data processing
    B. Real-time data collection
    C. Fixed software
    D. Single-device operation

15. The full form of XML is:
    A. Extended Markup Language
    B. External Markup Language
    C. Extensible Markup Language
    D. Extra Markup Language

16. In Python, which keyword is used to create a function?
    A. class
    B. def
    C. func
    D. lambda

17. The device that connects multiple devices within a single network is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Modem
    D. Gateway

18. Which of the following is a benefit of serverless computing?
    A. Manual server management
    B. Automatic scaling
    C. Fixed resource allocation
    D. Increased hardware costs

19. The process of validating user credentials is called:
    A. Authorization
    B. Authentication
    C. Encryption
    D. Tokenization

20. Which of the following is an open-source content management system?
    A. WordPress
    B. Wix
    C. Squarespace
    D. Shopify

21. In networking, the term ARP stands for:
    A. Address Resolution Protocol
    B. Access Resolution Protocol
    C. Address Routing Protocol
    D. Authentication Resolution Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of malware that encrypts files and demands payment?
    A. Virus
    B. Ransomware
    C. Spyware
    D. Adware

23. The shortcut key to cut selected text in a document is:
    A. Ctrl + C
    B. Ctrl + V
    C. Ctrl + X
    D. Ctrl + Z

24. Which of the following is used to create interactive web applications?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. JavaScript
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a database management system and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a hub and a switch in networking?

27. Explain the term "cryptography" in the context of data security.

28. What is the purpose of a unique key in a database?

29. Define Internet of Things (IoT) and name one application.

30. What is the role of a gateway in a network?

31. Explain the term "microservices" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of intrusion detection systems in network security.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to perform CRUD operations in a MySQL database.

34. Explain the difference between monolithic and microservices architecture.

35. Discuss the importance of ethical hacking and suggest two methods used in it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 3 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model uses a graph-based structure for data representation?
   A. Relational
   B. Hierarchical
   C. Graph
   D. Network

2. In Python, which library is used for numerical computations?
   A. pandas
   B. numpy
   C. matplotlib
   D. seaborn

3. The primary function of a proxy server is to:
   A. Store data
   B. Act as an intermediary between client and server
   C. Encrypt network traffic
   D. Authenticate users

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of edge computing?
   A. Centralized data processing
   B. Data processing at the network edge
   C. High latency
   D. Limited scalability

5. In object-oriented programming, the concept of defining multiple forms of a method is called:
   A. Encapsulation
   B. Inheritance
   C. Polymorphism
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure remote access to a server?
   A. FTP
   B. SSH
   C. HTTP
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of a quicksort algorithm in the average case is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(n log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following technologies is used for cryptocurrency transactions?
   A. SQL
   B. Blockchain
   C. XML
   D. JSON

9. In a relational database, a referential integrity constraint ensures:
   A. No duplicate records
   B. Valid foreign key values
   C. Unique primary keys
   D. Non-null values

10. Which of the following is a common web application vulnerability?
    A. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
    B. Data encryption
    C. Two-factor authentication
    D. Secure socket layer

11. The full form of PAN is:
    A. Personal Area Network
    B. Public Access Network
    C. Private Area Network
    D. Personal Authentication Network

12. Which of the following is a reinforcement learning algorithm?
    A. K-nearest neighbors
    B. Q-learning
    C. Linear regression
    D. Decision tree

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to find the minimum value in a range is:
    A. SUM
    B. MIN
    C. AVERAGE
    D. COUNT

14. Which of the following is a key feature of smart devices in IoT?
    A. Manual control only
    B. Interconnectivity and automation
    C. Fixed firmware
    D. Single-purpose functionality

15. The full form of JSON is:
    A. JavaScript Object Notation
    B. Java Standard Object Notation
    C. JavaScript Online Notation
    D. Java System Object Notation

16. In Python, which keyword is used to inherit a class?
    A. extends
    B. inherits
    C. class
    D. No keyword needed

17. The device that connects two different network protocols is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Gateway
    D. Hub

18. Which of the following is a benefit of cloud-native applications?
    A. Limited scalability
    B. High dependency on hardware
    C. Rapid deployment and scalability
    D. Increased maintenance costs

19. The process of assigning roles to users for resource access is called:
    A. Authentication
    B. Authorization
    C. Encryption
    D. Tokenization

20. Which of the following is an open-source web server software?
    A. Apache
    B. IIS
    C. Oracle WebLogic
    D. IBM WebSphere

21. In networking, the term VPN stands for:
    A. Virtual Private Network
    B. Virtual Public Network
    C. Verified Private Network
    D. Virtual Protocol Network

22. Which of the following is a type of spyware?
    A. Keylogger
    B. Firewall
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to redo an action in a document is:
    A. Ctrl + Z
    B. Ctrl + Y
    C. Ctrl + C
    D. Ctrl + X

24. Which of the following is used to manage asynchronous tasks in JavaScript?
    A. HTML
    B. Promises
    C. CSS
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a graph database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a router and a gateway in networking?

27. Explain the term "tokenization" in the context of data security.

28. What is the purpose of a clustered index in a database?

29. Define deep learning and name one application.

30. What is the role of a load balancer in a network?

31. Explain the term "serverless computing" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of penetration testing in cybersecurity.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to perform data visualization using matplotlib.

34. Explain the difference between relational and non-relational databases with examples.

35. Discuss the importance of data encryption and suggest two encryption methods.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 4 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model organizes data as key-value pairs?
   A. Relational
   B. NoSQL
   C. Hierarchical
   D. Network

2. In Python, which library is used for data manipulation and analysis?
   A. numpy
   B. pandas
   C. matplotlib
   D. seaborn

3. The primary function of a DHCP server is to:
   A. Resolve domain names
   B. Assign IP addresses dynamically
   C. Encrypt network traffic
   D. Route data packets

4. Which of the following is a feature of a private cloud?
   A. Shared resources with public access
   B. Dedicated infrastructure for an organization
   C. Limited scalability
   D. No security measures

5. In object-oriented programming, the process of simplifying complex systems is called:
   A. Encapsulation
   B. Inheritance
   C. Polymorphism
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure web browsing?
   A. HTTP
   B. FTP
   C. HTTPS
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of a bubble sort algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(n log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a distributed computing framework?
   A. Apache Hadoop
   B. MySQL
   C. Oracle
   D. MongoDB

9. In a relational database, a primary key ensures:
   A. Duplicate records
   B. Unique identification of records
   C. Null values
   D. Multiple foreign keys

10. Which of the following is a type of man-in-the-middle attack?
    A. Phishing
    B. Eavesdropping
    C. SQL injection
    D. Brute force

11. The full form of WLAN is:
    A. Wide Local Area Network
    B. Wireless Local Area Network
    C. Wired Local Area Network
    D. Wide Link Area Network

12. Which of the following is a deep learning framework?
    A. TensorFlow
    B. pandas
    C. scikit-learn
    D. numpy

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to count cells meeting a specific condition is:
    A. COUNT
    B. COUNTIF
    C. SUM
    D. AVERAGE

14. Which of the following is a key component of an IoT ecosystem?
    A. Centralized server only
    B. Sensors and actuators
    C. Manual controls
    D. Fixed hardware

15. The full form of HTML5 is:
    A. Hyper Text Markup Language version 5
    B. High Text Markup Language version 5
    C. Hyper Transfer Markup Language version 5
    D. Hyperlink Text Markup Language version 5

16. In Python, which keyword is used to raise an exception?
    A. try
    B. except
    C. raise
    D. catch

17. The device that regenerates network signals to extend range is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Repeater
    D. Gateway

18. Which of the following is a benefit of microservices architecture?
    A. Tight coupling between components
    B. Independent deployment of services
    C. Single large application
    D. Increased complexity in testing

19. The process of converting data into a secure format is called:
    A. Authentication
    B. Authorization
    C. Encryption
    D. Compression

20. Which of the following is an open-source automation tool?
    A. Ansible
    B. Microsoft Azure
    C. AWS Lambda
    D. Google Cloud Functions

21. In networking, the term TCP stands for:
    A. Transmission Control Protocol
    B. Transfer Control Protocol
    C. Transmission Communication Protocol
    D. Transport Control Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of trojan malware?
    A. Firewall
    B. Backdoor
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to select all content in a document is:
    A. Ctrl + A
    B. Ctrl + C
    C. Ctrl + V
    D. Ctrl + Z

24. Which of the following is used to create responsive web designs?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. JavaScript
    D. Bootstrap

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a NoSQL database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a firewall and an intrusion detection system?

27. Explain the term "digital signature" in cybersecurity.

28. What is the purpose of normalization in a database?

29. Define blockchain technology and name one application.

30. What is the role of a DNS server in networking?

31. Explain the term "DevOps" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of a content delivery network (CDN) in improving web performance.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to handle JSON data from an API.

34. Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous programming with examples.

35. Discuss the importance of data privacy and suggest two methods to ensure it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 5 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model is best suited for handling unstructured data?
   A. Relational
   B. NoSQL
   C. Hierarchical
   D. Network

2. In Python, which library is used for web scraping?
   A. pandas
   B. BeautifulSoup
   C. numpy
   D. matplotlib

3. The primary function of a VPN server is to:
   A. Assign IP addresses
   B. Create a secure network tunnel
   C. Store website data
   D. Route traffic

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of serverless computing?
   A. Manual server provisioning
   B. Pay-per-use pricing model
   C. Fixed resource allocation
   D. High maintenance overhead

5. In object-oriented programming, the ability to hide implementation details is called:
   A. Inheritance
   B. Polymorphism
   C. Encapsulation
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure remote file access?
   A. FTP
   B. SFTP
   C. HTTP
   D. SMTP

7. The space complexity of a binary search algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a distributed data processing framework?
   A. Apache Spark
   B. MySQL
   C. Oracle
   D. SQLite

9. In a relational database, a foreign key constraint ensures:
   A. Unique record identification
   B. Referential integrity between tables
   C. Duplicate data storage
   D. Null values in primary keys

10. Which of the following is a common brute force attack target?
    A. Passwords
    B. Firewalls
    C. Antivirus software
    D. Data backups

11. The full form of SAN is:
    A. Storage Area Network
    B. System Access Network
    C. Secure Area Network
    D. Standard Area Network

12. Which of the following is a machine learning technique for classification?
    A. K-means clustering
    B. Support Vector Machine
    C. Apriori algorithm
    D. DBSCAN

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to find the total number of cells with numerical data is:
    A. COUNT
    B. SUM
    C. AVERAGE
    D. COUNTIF

14. Which of the following is a key feature of IoT security?
    A. Open access to devices
    B. End-to-end encryption
    C. Manual configuration
    D. Single-device connectivity

15. The full form of DOM in web development is:
    A. Document Object Model
    B. Data Object Model
    C. Dynamic Object Model
    D. Distributed Object Model

16. In Python, which keyword is used to define a lambda function?
    A. def
    B. lambda
    C. func
    D. class

17. The device that connects networks with different protocols is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Gateway
    D. Repeater

18. Which of the following is a benefit of containerization over virtualization?
    A. Higher resource usage
    B. Lightweight deployment
    C. Reduced portability
    D. Increased complexity

19. The process of verifying user identity using multiple factors is called:
    A. Single-factor authentication
    B. Multi-factor authentication
    C. Encryption
    D. Authorization

20. Which of the following is an open-source operating system for IoT devices?
    A. Windows IoT
    B. Raspbian
    C. macOS
    D. iOS

21. In networking, the term ICMP stands for:
    A. Internet Control Message Protocol
    B. Internet Communication Message Protocol
    C. Internal Control Message Protocol
    D. Internet Connection Message Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of phishing attack?
    A. Spear phishing
    B. Firewall breach
    C. Data encryption
    D. Secure socket layer

23. The shortcut key to save a document is:
    A. Ctrl + S
    B. Ctrl + C
    C. Ctrl + V
    D. Ctrl + Z

24. Which of the following is used to create single-page applications?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. React
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a distributed database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?

27. Explain the term "biometric authentication" in cybersecurity.

28. What is the purpose of a database trigger?

29. Define artificial neural networks and name one application.

30. What is the role of a proxy server in networking?

31. Explain the term "containerization" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of a honeypot in cybersecurity.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to scrape data from a website using BeautifulSoup.

34. Explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised machine learning with examples.

35. Discuss the importance of data integrity and suggest two methods to ensure it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 6 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model is optimized for document-based storage?
   A. Relational
   B. Document
   C. Hierarchical
   D. Network

2. In Python, which library is used for handling large datasets?
   A. numpy
   B. pandas
   C. matplotlib
   D. requests

3. The primary function of an intrusion detection system (IDS) is to:
   A. Encrypt data
   B. Monitor network for suspicious activity
   C. Assign IP addresses
   D. Store network data

4. Which of the following is a feature of a hybrid cloud?
   A. Fully public infrastructure
   B. Combination of on-premise and cloud resources
   C. No scalability
   D. Single-user access

5. In object-oriented programming, the concept of deriving a new class from an existing one is called:
   A. Encapsulation
   B. Inheritance
   C. Polymorphism
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure email retrieval?
   A. SMTP
   B. IMAP with SSL/TLS
   C. HTTP
   D. FTP

7. The time complexity of a selection sort algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(n log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a distributed file system?
   A. Hadoop HDFS
   B. MySQL
   C. SQLite
   D. Oracle

9. In a relational database, a check constraint ensures:
   A. Unique records
   B. Valid data entry within a specified range
   C. Null values in keys
   D. Duplicate foreign keys

10. Which of the following is a type of session hijacking attack?
    A. Phishing
    B. Cookie stealing
    C. SQL injection
    D. Brute force

11. The full form of CAN is:
    A. Campus Area Network
    B. Centralized Area Network
    C. Community Access Network
    D. Campus Authentication Network

12. Which of the following is a clustering algorithm in machine learning?
    A. Linear regression
    B. K-means
    C. Logistic regression
    D. Decision tree

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to find the median of a range of values is:
    A. AVERAGE
    B. MEDIAN
    C. SUM
    D. COUNT

14. Which of the following is a key component of an IoT system?
    A. Manual processing
    B. Cloud connectivity
    C. Fixed hardware
    D. Single-device operation

15. The full form of API is:
    A. Application Programming Interface
    B. Application Protocol Interface
    C. Automated Programming Interface
    D. Application Process Interface

16. In Python, which keyword is used to exit a loop prematurely?
    A. break
    B. continue
    C. return
    D. exit

17. The device that manages traffic within a single network segment is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Gateway
    D. Repeater

18. Which of the following is a benefit of edge computing?
    A. High latency
    B. Reduced data processing time
    C. Centralized data storage
    D. Increased bandwidth usage

19. The process of securely deleting sensitive data is called:
    A. Encryption
    B. Data wiping
    C. Compression
    D. Authentication

20. Which of the following is an open-source machine learning framework?
    A. PyTorch
    B. Microsoft Azure ML
    C. AWS SageMaker
    D. Google Cloud AI

21. In networking, the term SNMP stands for:
    A. Simple Network Management Protocol
    B. Secure Network Management Protocol
    C. System Network Management Protocol
    D. Standard Network Management Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of malware that tracks user activity?
    A. Firewall
    B. Spyware
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to open a new document is:
    A. Ctrl + N
    B. Ctrl + O
    C. Ctrl + S
    D. Ctrl + P

24. Which of the following is used to create dynamic web content?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. PHP
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a document database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a switch and a router in networking?

27. Explain the term "public key infrastructure" in cybersecurity.

28. What is the purpose of a database view?

29. Define natural language processing and name one application.

30. What is the role of a firewall in network security?

31. Explain the term "virtualization" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of a content management system in web development.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to process CSV data using pandas.

34. Explain the difference between cloud computing and traditional on-premise computing.

35. Discuss the importance of cybersecurity awareness and suggest two methods to promote it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 7 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model uses a tree-like structure for data organization?
   A. Relational
   B. NoSQL
   C. Hierarchical
   D. Graph

2. In Python, which library is used for statistical analysis?
   A. pandas
   B. scipy
   C. matplotlib
   D. requests

3. The primary function of a content delivery network (CDN) is to:
   A. Encrypt data
   B. Reduce latency by caching content
   C. Assign IP addresses
   D. Authenticate users

4. Which of the following is a feature of a public cloud?
   A. Dedicated resources for a single user
   B. Multi-tenant infrastructure
   C. No internet access
   D. Fixed hardware allocation

5. In object-oriented programming, the concept of multiple classes sharing a common interface is called:
   A. Encapsulation
   B. Inheritance
   C. Polymorphism
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure file sharing?
   A. FTP
   B. SFTP
   C. HTTP
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of an insertion sort algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(n log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a distributed computing platform for big data?
   A. Apache Kafka
   B. MySQL
   C. SQLite
   D. Oracle

9. In a relational database, a unique key constraint ensures:
   A. Duplicate records
   B. No duplicate values in a column
   C. Null values in keys
   D. Multiple foreign keys

10. Which of the following is a type of SQL injection attack?
    A. Password cracking
    B. Malicious query execution
    C. Data encryption
    D. Two-factor authentication

11. The full form of VPN is:
    A. Virtual Private Network
    B. Virtual Public Network
    C. Verified Private Network
    D. Virtual Protocol Network

12. Which of the following is a supervised machine learning algorithm?
    A. K-means clustering
    B. Random Forest
    C. DBSCAN
    D. Apriori

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to find the maximum value in a range is:
    A. SUM
    B. MAX
    C. AVERAGE
    D. COUNT

14. Which of the following is a key feature of IoT devices?
    A. Manual operation
    B. Real-time data transmission
    C. Fixed software
    D. Single-purpose functionality

15. The full form of CSS3 is:
    A. Cascading Style Sheet version 3
    B. Creative Style Sheet version 3
    C. Centralized Style Sheet version 3
    D. Computer Style Sheet version 3

16. In Python, which keyword is used to skip the current iteration of a loop?
    A. break
    B. continue
    C. return
    D. exit

17. The device that connects multiple networks with the same protocol is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Gateway
    D. Repeater

18. Which of the following is a benefit of serverless architecture?
    A. Manual scaling
    B. Reduced operational overhead
    C. Fixed resource allocation
    D. Increased hardware costs

19. The process of verifying user identity using a password and OTP is called:
    A. Single-factor authentication
    B. Multi-factor authentication
    C. Encryption
    D. Authorization

20. Which of the following is an open-source database for graph data?
    A. Neo4j
    B. Oracle
    C. Microsoft SQL Server
    D. IBM DB2

21. In networking, the term FTP stands for:
    A. File Transfer Protocol
    B. File Transmission Protocol
    C. File Transaction Protocol
    D. File Transport Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of adware?
    A. Firewall
    B. Pop-up ads
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to print a document is:
    A. Ctrl + P
    B. Ctrl + S
    C. Ctrl + C
    D. Ctrl + Z

24. Which of the following is used to create scalable web applications?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. Node.js
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a key-value database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a proxy server and a VPN?

27. Explain the term "hashing algorithm" in cybersecurity.

28. What is the purpose of a database transaction?

29. Define computer vision and name one application.

30. What is the role of a network switch in a LAN?

31. Explain the term "cloud orchestration" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of a security information and event management (SIEM) system in cybersecurity.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to analyze data using pandas and numpy.

34. Explain the difference between containerization and virtualization with examples.

35. Discuss the importance of data governance and suggest two methods to implement it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 8 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model is best for handling semi-structured data?
   A. Relational
   B. NoSQL
   C. Hierarchical
   D. Graph

2. In Python, which library is used for building REST APIs?
   A. pandas
   B. Flask
   C. numpy
   D. matplotlib

3. The primary function of a reverse proxy server is to:
   A. Assign IP addresses
   B. Distribute incoming traffic to servers
   C. Encrypt data
   D. Store network data

4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a cloud-native application?
   A. Monolithic architecture
   B. Microservices-based design
   C. Fixed resource allocation
   D. Manual scaling

5. In object-oriented programming, the concept of restricting direct access to attributes is called:
   A. Inheritance
   B. Polymorphism
   C. Encapsulation
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure voice communication over the internet?
   A. HTTP
   B. VoIP with SRTP
   C. FTP
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of a heap sort algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(n log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a stream-processing platform?
   A. Apache Kafka
   B. MySQL
   C. SQLite
   D. Oracle

9. In a relational database, a composite key is:
   A. A single field that uniquely identifies a record
   B. Multiple fields combined to uniquely identify a record
   C. A key used for indexing only
   D. A foreign key linking tables

10. Which of the following is a type of cross-site scripting (XSS) attack?
    A. SQL injection
    B. Malicious script injection
    C. Brute force
    D. Data encryption

11. The full form of NFC is:
    A. Near Field Communication
    B. Network Field Communication
    C. National Field Communication
    D. Near Frequency Communication

12. Which of the following is a regression algorithm in machine learning?
    A. K-means clustering
    B. Linear regression
    C. DBSCAN
    D. Apriori

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to concatenate text strings is:
    A. CONCAT
    B. SUM
    C. AVERAGE
    D. COUNT

14. Which of the following is a key feature of IoT ecosystems?
    A. Manual data processing
    B. Interoperability between devices
    C. Fixed hardware configurations
    D. Single-device operation

15. The full form of REST is:
    A. Representational State Transfer
    B. Resource State Transfer
    C. Remote State Transfer
    D. Representational System Transfer

16. In Python, which keyword is used to handle exceptions?
    A. try
    B. catch
    C. throw
    D. except

17. The device that amplifies network signals is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Repeater
    D. Gateway

18. Which of the following is a benefit of microservices over monolithic architecture?
    A. Tightly coupled components
    B. Independent scalability
    C. Single deployment unit
    D. Increased complexity

19. The process of securely storing passwords is called:
    A. Encryption
    B. Hashing
    C. Compression
    D. Authentication

20. Which of the following is an open-source container orchestration platform?
    A. Kubernetes
    B. AWS ECS
    C. Azure AKS
    D. Google Cloud Run

21. In networking, the term UDP stands for:
    A. User Datagram Protocol
    B. Universal Data Protocol
    C. User Data Protocol
    D. Unified Datagram Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of rootkit?
    A. Firewall
    B. Kernel-level malware
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to find text in a document is:
    A. Ctrl + F
    B. Ctrl + S
    C. Ctrl + C
    D. Ctrl + P

24. Which of the following is used to create modern web frameworks?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. Angular
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a column-oriented database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a load balancer and a reverse proxy?

27. Explain the term "zero-day vulnerability" in cybersecurity.

28. What is the purpose of a database stored procedure?

29. Define augmented reality and name one application.

30. What is the role of a network gateway in communication?

31. Explain the term "event-driven architecture" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of a web application firewall in securing web applications.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to fetch and parse XML data.

34. Explain the difference between REST and SOAP APIs with examples.

35. Discuss the importance of incident response planning and suggest two methods for it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 9 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model is optimized for handling relationships between entities?
   A. Relational
   B. Document
   C. Key-Value
   D. Column-Oriented

2. In Python, which library is used for creating web applications?
   A. pandas
   B. Django
   C. numpy
   D. seaborn

3. The primary function of a network switch is to:
   A. Assign IP addresses
   B. Forward data within a network
   C. Encrypt traffic
   D. Store network data

4. Which of the following is a feature of a serverless architecture?
   A. Manual server management
   B. Automatic scaling
   C. Fixed resource allocation
   D. High operational overhead

5. In object-oriented programming, the ability to redefine methods in a derived class is called:
   A. Encapsulation
   B. Inheritance
   C. Polymorphism
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure video conferencing?
   A. HTTP
   B. WebRTC with encryption
   C. FTP
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of a linear search algorithm is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a big data processing framework?
   A. Apache Flink
   B. MySQL
   C. SQLite
   D. Oracle

9. In a relational database, a NOT NULL constraint ensures:
   A. Duplicate records
   B. No empty values in a column
   C. Unique keys
   D. Multiple foreign keys

10. Which of the following is a type of ransomware attack?
    A. Data encryption
    B. File locking with ransom demand
    C. Two-factor authentication
    D. Firewall breach

11. The full form of IoT is:
    A. Internet of Technology
    B. Internet of Things
    C. Internet of Tools
    D. Internet of Transactions

12. Which of the following is a classification algorithm in machine learning?
    A. K-means clustering
    B. Logistic regression
    C. DBSCAN
    D. Apriori

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to join text from multiple cells is:
    A. CONCATENATE
    B. SUM
    C. AVERAGE
    D. COUNT

14. Which of the following is a key feature of IoT devices?
    A. Manual data collection
    B. Automated data exchange
    C. Fixed firmware
    D. Single-device operation

15. The full form of SOAP is:
    A. Simple Object Access Protocol
    B. Secure Object Access Protocol
    C. System Object Access Protocol
    D. Standard Object Access Protocol

16. In Python, which keyword is used to return a value from a function?
    A. break
    B. return
    C. continue
    D. yield

17. The device that routes data between different networks is:
    A. Switch
    B. Router
    C. Gateway
    D. Repeater

18. Which of the following is a benefit of cloud computing?
    A. High hardware costs
    B. On-demand resource provisioning
    C. Limited scalability
    D. Fixed infrastructure

19. The process of granting specific permissions to users is called:
    A. Authentication
    B. Authorization
    C. Encryption
    D. Hashing

20. Which of the following is an open-source web development framework?
    A. Ruby on Rails
    B. .NET
    C. Spring
    D. ASP.NET

21. In networking, the term DNS stands for:
    A. Domain Name System
    B. Dynamic Network System
    C. Distributed Name System
    D. Domain Network System

22. Which of the following is a type of worm malware?
    A. Firewall
    B. Self-replicating malicious code
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to close a document is:
    A. Ctrl + W
    B. Ctrl + S
    C. Ctrl + C
    D. Ctrl + P

24. Which of the following is used to create dynamic single-page applications?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. Vue.js
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a graph database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a gateway and a router in networking?

27. Explain the term "data encryption" in cybersecurity.

28. What is the purpose of a database index?

29. Define machine learning and name one real-world application.

30. What is the role of a load balancer in networking?

31. Explain the term "edge computing" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of a network intrusion prevention system in cybersecurity.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to create a REST API using Flask.

34. Explain the difference between centralized and decentralized systems with examples.

35. Discuss the importance of cybersecurity training and suggest two methods to implement it.

Sample Model Question Paper (Information Technology) - SET 10 (Annual Examination 2025-26)

Total Marks: 50
Time: 2 Hours

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper is divided into two parts:
   • Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 MCQs, 1 mark each, Total 24 marks).
   • Part B: Subjective Type Questions (7 questions of 20-30 words, 2 marks each; 4 questions of 50-80 words, 3 marks each, Total 26 marks).
3. Write answers clearly and concisely within the specified word limits for Part B.
4. Use of calculators is not permitted.

---

Part A: Objective Type Questions (24 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) (1 Mark Each, 24 Questions, Total 24 Marks)

1. Which database model is best suited for real-time analytics?
   A. Relational
   B. Column-Oriented
   C. Hierarchical
   D. Network

2. In Python, which library is used for machine learning model deployment?
   A. pandas
   B. TensorFlow
   C. numpy
   D. matplotlib

3. The primary function of a network firewall is to:
   A. Assign IP addresses
   B. Filter unauthorized network traffic
   C. Store data packets
   D. Encrypt communications

4. Which of the following is a feature of a hybrid cloud?
   A. Public-only infrastructure
   B. Combination of private and public clouds
   C. No scalability
   D. Single-tenant architecture

5. In object-oriented programming, the concept of hiding complex details is called:
   A. Encapsulation
   B. Inheritance
   C. Polymorphism
   D. Abstraction

6. Which protocol is used for secure database access?
   A. HTTP
   B. SQL over SSL/TLS
   C. FTP
   D. SMTP

7. The time complexity of a binary search tree traversal is:
   A. O(n)
   B. O(log n)
   C. O(n²)
   D. O(1)

8. Which of the following is a real-time data streaming platform?
   A. Apache Storm
   B. MySQL
   C. SQLite
   D. Oracle

9. In a relational database, a cascade delete ensures:
   A. Duplicate records
   B. Deletion of related records in linked tables
   C. Null values in keys
   D. Unique primary keys

10. Which of the following is a type of social engineering attack?
    A. SQL injection
    B. Pretexting
    C. Data encryption
    D. Firewall breach

11. The full form of VLAN is:
    A. Virtual Local Area Network
    B. Virtual Link Access Network
    C. Verified Local Area Network
    D. Variable Local Area Network

12. Which of the following is a reinforcement learning technique?
    A. K-means clustering
    B. Deep Q-learning
    C. Linear regression
    D. Decision tree

13. In a spreadsheet, the function to find the total of a range of cells is:
    A. SUM
    B. AVERAGE
    C. COUNT
    D. MIN

14. Which of the following is a key feature of IoT security?
    A. Open data sharing
    B. Device authentication
    C. Manual updates
    D. Single-device connectivity

15. The full form of JWT is:
    A. Java Web Token
    B. JSON Web Token
    C. JavaScript Web Token
    D. JSON Widget Token

16. In Python, which keyword is used to create a generator function?
    A. yield
    B. return
    C. break
    D. continue

17. The device that translates between different network protocols is:
    A. Router
    B. Switch
    C. Gateway
    D. Repeater

18. Which of the following is a benefit of serverless computing?
    A. Manual resource provisioning
    B. Cost efficiency for sporadic workloads
    C. Fixed infrastructure costs
    D. Increased maintenance overhead

19. The process of securely managing user access rights is called:
    A. Authentication
    B. Authorization
    C. Encryption
    D. Tokenization

20. Which of the following is an open-source IoT platform?
    A. AWS IoT
    B. OpenHAB
    C. Google Cloud IoT
    D. Azure IoT Hub

21. In networking, the term HTTP stands for:
    A. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
    B. Hyperlink Transmission Protocol
    C. Hyper Text Transaction Protocol
    D. Hyperlink Transfer Protocol

22. Which of the following is a type of keylogger malware?
    A. Firewall
    B. Keystroke recorder
    C. Antivirus
    D. VPN

23. The shortcut key to open the search bar in a browser is:
    A. Ctrl + F
    B. Ctrl + S
    C. Ctrl + T
    D. Ctrl + P

24. Which of the following is used to create cross-platform mobile applications?
    A. HTML
    B. CSS
    C. Flutter
    D. XML

---

Part B: Subjective Type Questions (26 Marks)

20-30 Word Based Questions (2 Marks Each, 7 Questions, Total 14 Marks)

25. Define a time-series database and give one example.

26. What is the difference between a DNS server and a DHCP server?

27. Explain the term "digital certificate" in cybersecurity.

28. What is the purpose of a database schema?

29. Define blockchain and name one application.

30. What is the role of a content delivery network in web performance?

31. Explain the term "serverless architecture" with an example.

50-80 Word Based Questions (3 Marks Each, 4 Questions, Total 12 Marks)

32. Explain the role of a security operations center (SOC) in cybersecurity.

33. Describe the steps to write a Python program to perform machine learning using scikit-learn.

34. Explain the difference between public and private cloud computing with examples.

35. Discuss the importance of data backup strategies and suggest two methods for implementation.

THE END